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You are a reporter for a major world newspaper. Write your response as if you were writing a short, high-quality news article for your paper. Limit your response to one paragraph. Use the following article for context: Rust-Written Borgo Language Brings Algebraic Data Types and More to Go - InfoQ<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.infoq.com/statics_s1_20240425073937/styles/style_en.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.infoq.com/statics_s1_20240425073937/styles/icons.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://cdn.infoq.com/statics_s1_20240425073937/styles/style_extra.css"/><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W9GJ5DL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>BTInfoQ Software Architects' NewsletterA monthly overview of things you need to know as an architect or aspiring architects.View an exampleEnter your e-mail addressSelect your countrySelect a countryI consent to InfoQ.com handling my data as explained in thisPrivacy Notice.We protect your privacy.CloseToggle NavigationFacilitating the Spread of Knowledge and Innovation in Professional Software DevelopmentEnglish editionEnglish editionChinese editionJapanese editionFrench editionWrite for InfoQSearchSign Up / LoginEmailPasswordForgot password ?InfoQ Account EmailBack to loginResend ActivationBack to loginLogin with:GoogleMicrosoftTwitterFacebookDon't have an InfoQ account?Sign UpLogo - Back to homepageNewsArticlesPresentationsPodcastsGuidesTopicsDevelopmentJavaKotlin.NetC#SwiftGoRustJavaScriptFeatured in DevelopmentHow to Use Multiple GitHub AccountsGit is a popular tool for version control in software development. 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Subscribe for free.InfoQ HomepageNewsRust-Written Borgo Language Brings Algebraic Data Types and More to GoWeb DevelopmentRust-Written Borgo Language Brings Algebraic Data Types and More to GoLikeBookmarksMay 16, 20243 min readbyBruno CouriolWrite for InfoQFeed your curiosity.Help 550k+ globalsenior developerseach month stay ahead.Get in touchBorgois a statically typed language that compiles to Go and strives to be interoperable with the existing Go ecosystem. The Borgo language adds to Go algebraic data types, pattern matching,OptionandResulttypes, and more Rust-inspired syntax. The Borgo’s compiler itself isimplemented in Rust.Borgo’s main contributor explained the key characteristics of Borgo as follows:I want a language for writing applications that is more expressive than Go but less complex than Rust.Go is simple and straightforward, but I often wish it offered more type safety. Rust is very nice to work with (at least for single-threaded code) but it’s too broad and complex, sometimes painfully so.Borgo is a new language that transpiles to Go. It’s fully compatible with existing Go packages.Borgo syntax is similar to Rust, with optional semi-colons.Go quickly became popular with many developers due to its simplicity, efficiency, and handling of concurrency. Go’s design also favors fast compilation. As of May 2024, the languageranks in 8th place on the TIOBE index. However, developers are regularly pointing out the drawbacks of Go being by design a weakly typed language. Ian Lance Taylor, a key Go contributor,presents weak typing as a feature rather than a bug:Go intentionally has a weak type system, and there are many restrictions that can be expressed in other languages but cannot be expressed in Go. Go in general encourages programming by writing code rather than programming by writing types.Many experienced Go developers have however signaled interest in enriching the type system. One Reddit user for instancementions:Errors as values is nice, but a lack of a sum type hurts.Lack of syntax sugar for returning errors leads to boilerplate.Lack of proper typedefs means I can’t use type-safety as much as I would like.Borgo’s language syntax seems heavily inspired by Rust and, whilestriving to maintain compatibility with existing Go libraries, Borgo adds key language features to Go. The following code illustrates Borgo’salgebraic data types and pattern matching:use fmt enum NetworkState<T>{Loading,Failed(int),Success(T),}structResponse{title:string,duration:int,}fnmain(){let res=Response{title:"Hello world",duration:0,}let state=NetworkState.Success(res)let msg=match state{NetworkState.Loading=>"still loading",NetworkState.Failed(code)=>fmt.Sprintf("Got error code: %d",code),NetworkState.Success(res)=>res.title,}fmt.Println(msg)}The following code sample illustrates Borgo’s Rust-inspiredResultandOptiontypes (strconv.Atoireturns anOption<int>andReader.ReadStringreturns aResult<string, error>):use bufio use fmt use math.rand use os use strconv use strings use time fnmain(){let reader=bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)let secret=rand.Intn(100)+1loop{fmt.Println("Please input your guess.")let text=reader.ReadString('\n').Unwrap()let text=strings.TrimSpace(text)let guess=match strconv.Atoi(text){Ok(n)=>n,Err(_)=>continue,}fmt.Println("You guessed: ",guess)ifguess<secret{fmt.Println("Too small!")}elseifguess>secret{fmt.Println("Too big!")}else{fmt.Println("Correct!")break}}}Borgo also allows error handling with the?operator:use fmt use io use os fncopyFile(src:string,dst:string)->Result<(),error>{let stat=os.Stat(src)?if!stat.Mode().IsRegular(){returnErr(fmt.Errorf("%s is not a regular file",src))}let source=os.Open(src)?defersource.Close()let destination=os.Create(dst)?deferdestination.Close()// ignore number of bytes copiedlet_=io.Copy(destination,source)?Ok(())}As Borgo’s compiler is written in Rust, developers will needcargoto compile Borgo source files:$ cargo run -- buildThe compiler will generate.gofiles which can be run with the usual Go toolchain:# generate a go.mod file if needed# $ go mod init foo$ go run.Recent reactions from developers on Reddit have been generally positive with one developersaying:This addresses pretty much all of my least favorite things with writing Go code at work, and I hope–at the very least–the overwhelming positivity (by HN standards – even considering the typical Rust bias!) of the responses inspires Go maintainers to consider/prioritize some of these features.The full list of Borgo’s language features can be found in theonline documentationtogether with Borgo’s playground.About the AuthorBruno CouriolShow moreShow lessRate this ArticleAdoptionStyleAuthor ContactedThis content is in theWeb DevelopmenttopicRelated Topics:DevelopmentWeb DevelopmentGo LanguageRustTypesafeRelated EditorialRelated Sponsored ContentPopular across InfoQYou Don’t Need a CSS FrameworkPolyglot Programming with WebAssembly: A Practical ApproachObject-Oriented UX (OOUX) with Sophia PraterMeta Releases Llama 3 Open-Source LLMHow to Build and Foster High-Performing Software Teams: Experiences from Engineering ManagersIf LLMs Do the Easy Programming Tasks - How are Junior Developers Trained? 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Go, also known as Golang, is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed by Google. It was created to address issues with existing languages at the time, focusing on simplicity, efficiency, and ease of use for concurrent programming. Go is renowned for its fast compilation times, garbage collection, and support for concurrency and networking. It combines the performance and safety of a statically typed language with the ease of use of a dynamically typed language, making it a popular choice for developers building cloud services, web servers, and other scalable networked applications.